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|link to German= Buchindex
|link to German= Buchindex
|link to Spanish= Índice del libro
|link to Spanish= Índice del libro
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   <img src="/wiki/Special:FilePath/Affiliation.jpg" style="width:100%; height:auto;" alt="Access map" />
   <img src="/wiki/Special:FilePath/Affiliation.jpg" style="width:100%; height:auto;" alt="Access map" />


<!-- GUIDA RAPIDA (sotto hero) -->
  <div style="
<div class="pyr-guide">
    position:absolute;
  <div class="pyr-guide-title">
    left:50%;
     This map shows how Masticationpedia is structured.
    bottom:28px;
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    ">
      Hover over the labels above to understand <b>Open Access</b>, <b>Member</b>, and <b>Affiliate</b>.
     </div>
   </div>
   </div>
<div class="pyr-guide-body">
  Members fully read <i>Normal Science</i> and <i>Crisis of Paradigm</i>.<br>
  <i>Extraordinary Science</i> is not a library: it is the protected construction site of the &#936; Index.<br><br>
  Members access its overview through abstracts.<br>
  Affiliates help build, correct, and formalize the &#936; Index.
</div>
</div>


   <!-- OPEN ACCESS -->
   <!-- OPEN ACCESS -->
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       <span class="pyr-tip pyr-tip-bottom">
       <span class="pyr-tip pyr-tip-bottom">
         <b>Open Access</b><br><br>
         <b>Open Access</b><br><br>
      Free access to the introductory contents of Masticationpedia.<br><br>
        Free access to Masticationpedia’s introductory content,
It allows readers to:
        designed to help you orient yourself within the project and understand its clinical and conceptual framework.<br><br>
<ul style="margin:6px 0 6px 18px; padding:0;">
        It allows you to:
  <li>read the <b>extended abstracts</b></li>
        <ul style="margin:6px 0 6px 18px; padding:0;">
  <li>understand the general clinical orientation</li>
          <li>read the <b>extended abstracts</b></li>
  <li>explore conceptual models and scientific language</li>
          <li>understand the overall scientific direction</li>
</ul>
          <li>explore language, models, and the epistemological framework</li>
<b>It does not include</b> access to the full Book Index chapters
        </ul>
nor to advanced tools.<br><br>
        <b>It does not include</b> access to the full Book Index chapters
Designed to help readers orient themselves and evaluate entry into the project.
        nor editorial participation.
 
       </span>
       </span>
     </a>
     </a>
   </div>
   </div>


  <!-- AFFILIATE -->
  <div class="pyr-label" style="top:20%; left:47%;">
    <span class="pyr-link" style="cursor:default;">
      Affiliate
      <span class="pyr-tip pyr-tip-bottom">
        <b>Affiliation</b><br><br>


        Affiliation implies a <b>recurring monthly support</b>
        for the Masticationpedia project.<br><br>


<!-- AFFILIATE -->
        This contribution:
<div class="pyr-label" style="top:20%; left:47%;">
        <ul style="margin:6px 0 6px 18px; padding:0;">
  <span class="pyr-link" style="cursor:default;">
          <li>is not a payment for a service</li>
    Affiliate
          <li>does not guarantee authorship or automatic recognition</li>
          <li>does not represent commercial access to content</li>
        </ul>


    <span class="pyr-tip pyr-tip-bottom" style="top:120%; transform:translate(-50%,0);">
        It is a form of <b>ongoing responsibility</b>
      <b>Affiliate Program</b><br><br>
        toward the construction of the <b>Ψ Index</b> diagnostic model.<br><br>


      Available only to registered members with an active LinkedIn account.<br>
        Monthly support distinguishes an <b>Affiliate</b> from a <b>Member</b>:
    Affiliate participation is enabled after confirmation and remains active while the recurring contribution is active.
        <ul style="margin:6px 0 6px 18px; padding:0;">
          <li>a Member has reading access</li>
          <li>an Affiliate supports, participates, and contributes</li>
        </ul>


        Substantial scientific contributions may be acknowledged
        according to editorial criteria, not based on financial support.<br><br>


      Affiliates can actively participate in scientific discussion, review, correction, and implementation of the Book Index chapters.<br>
        <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:12px;">
      Substantial contributions may be formally acknowledged through attribution or co-authorship, in accordance with editorial guidelines.<br><br>
          <a
            href="https://cafdonate.cafonline.org/27211#!/DonationDetails"
            target="_blank"
            rel="noopener noreferrer"
            style="
              display:inline-block;
              padding:10px 22px;
              font-size:13px;
              font-weight:700;
              color:#ffffff;
              background:#1a1a1a;
              border-radius:10px;
              text-decoration:none;
              box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
            "
          >
            ❤️ Support the project (monthly)
          </a>
        </div>


    <b>Support contribution:</b> €50 per month (recurring).<br><br>
        <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:12px; line-height:1.35; opacity:0.9;">
          The amount is freely chosen at the time of donation and is managed through CAF.
        </div>


      <div style="margin-top:10px; opacity:0.9; font-size:12px; line-height:1.35;">
        <div style="margin-top:10px; opacity:0.9; font-size:12px; line-height:1.35;">
  This contribution supports the project and enables <b>Affiliate participation</b>.
          Affiliation also grants access to the
   Payments are processed via Stripe and <b>regularly documented</b> in accordance with applicable regulations.
          <b><a href="/wiki/Our_network" style="color:#1a5fb4; text-decoration:underline;">Masticationpedia Network</a></b>
</div>
          as a scientific and methodological participant.
        </div>
      </span>
    </span>
   </div>
 
  <!-- MEMBER -->
  <div class="pyr-label" style="top:24%; left:33%;">
    <span class="pyr-link" style="cursor:default;">
      Member
      <span class="pyr-tip pyr-tip-bottom">
        <b>Member</b><br><br>
 
        <b>Read-only</b> access to the reserved Book Index chapters,
        available to readers who identify themselves through an active LinkedIn profile.<br><br>


        <b>There is no cost.</b><br>
        Registration helps keep Masticationpedia focused
        on an identified and accountable scientific community.<br><br>


      <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:12px;">
        <b>Permissions:</b>
         <a
         <ul style="margin:6px 0 6px 18px; padding:0;">
          href="https://buy.stripe.com/eVqeVe2r81F54LD7Fb53O02"
           <li>full reading access to reserved chapters</li>
          target="_blank"
          <li>no editing</li>
          rel="noopener noreferrer"
           <li>no editorial discussion</li>
          style="
          <li>no authorship or attribution</li>
            display:inline-block;
        </ul>
            padding:10px 20px;
            font-size:13px;
            font-weight:600;
            color:#ffffff;
            background:#1a1a1a;
            border-radius:10px;
            cursor:pointer;
            text-decoration:none;
            box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
           "
        >
           ❤️ Support the Project – Affiliate Access
        </a>
      </div>


      <div style="margin-top:10px; opacity:0.9; font-size:12px; line-height:1.35;">
        <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:12px;">
        Affiliation makes you eligible to participate in the
           <a
        <b>
            href="https://staging.masticationpedia.org/oauth/linkedin-login.php"
           <a href="/wiki/Our_network"
            style="
            style="color:#1a5fb4; text-decoration:underline;">
              display:inline-block;
             Masticationpedia Network
              padding:10px 18px;
              font-size:13px;
              font-weight:800;
              color:#ffffff;
              background:#0a66c2;
              border-radius:999px;
              text-decoration:none;
              box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
            "
          >
             🔐 Apply with LinkedIn
           </a>
           </a>
         </b>
         </div>
        as a scientific and methodological participant.
      </div>


        <div style="margin-top:10px; opacity:0.9; font-size:12px; line-height:1.35;">
          After approval, reading permissions are enabled on your account.
        </div>
      </span>
     </span>
     </span>
  </div>


  </span>
</div>
</div>
</html>


<!-- MEMBER -->
<div class="pyr-label" style="top:24%; left:33%;">
  <span class="pyr-link" style="cursor:default;">
    Member


     <span class="pyr-tip pyr-tip-bottom">
<!-- ===================================================== -->
       <b>Member Access</b><br><br>
<!-- CLARIFICATION BLOCK (below hero)                      -->
<!-- ===================================================== -->
<div style="max-width:1200px; margin:0 auto; padding: 0 18px;">
  <div style="
    max-width: 980px;
    margin: 22px auto 34px;
    padding: 18px 20px 16px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.86);
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    border-radius: 18px;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.10);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
    color: #111;
  ">
     <div style="
      display:flex;
      align-items:center;
      justify-content:space-between;
      gap:14px;
      margin: 2px 0 12px;
    ">
       <div style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.01em; line-height: 1.2;">
        The Book Index as a working map
      </div>
      <div style="
        height: 2px;
        flex: 1;
        background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(201,162,77,0.0), rgba(201,162,77,0.85), rgba(201,162,77,0.0));
        border-radius: 999px;
        opacity: 0.9;
      "></div>
    </div>


       Access to reserved chapters is available only to readers who identify through an active LinkedIn profile.<br>
    <div style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.65;">
       This keeps Masticationpedia focused on a qualified scientific community.<br><br>
       <p style="margin:0 0 10px;">
        Masticationpedia’s Book Index <b>is not the table of contents of a finished book</b>
        nor the final structure of a manual.
        It is a <b>continuously evolving editorial and scientific working map</b>.
      </p>
        
The sections and chapters listed here do not represent a didactic pathway,
but the points where clinical practice reveals <b>fractures, anomalies, and paradigm limits</b>
that must be addressed without simplification.
      <blockquote>
        “The Ψ Index is a clinical criterion, but it is born within a paradigm crisis: it does not only measure data, it reorganizes their interpretation.”
      </blockquote>


    Full reading access to the Book Index chapters involves <b>no fee</b>.
      <ul style="margin: 10px 0 10px 18px; padding: 0;">
Registration via <b>Apply via LinkedIn</b> is required to ensure access
        <li style="margin: 6px 0;">Some chapters are complete, others partial; others are present as <b>conceptual nodes</b>.</li>
is limited to an identified scientific community and to protect
        <li style="margin: 6px 0;">The order of the index <b>is not final</b>: it may change, be reorganized, or expanded.</li>
Masticationpedia as a charitable, non-commercial project.
        <li style="margin: 6px 0;">The Book Index does not contain final answers: it contains the <b>conditions of their necessity</b>.</li>
<br>
      </ul>
      <b>Permissions:</b> reading access (no editing, no discussion, no authorship).<br><br>


       <div style="text-align:center; margin-top:12px;">
       <div style="margin-top: 12px; padding-top: 10px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08); font-size: 12.5px; opacity: 0.82;">
        <a
         Sections and chapters evolve together with the project’s clinical and methodological work.
          href="https://staging.masticationpedia.org/oauth/linkedin-login.php"
          style="
            display:inline-block;
            padding:10px 18px;
            font-size:13px;
            font-weight:700;
            color:#ffffff;
            background:#0a66c2;
            border-radius:999px;
            text-decoration:none;
            box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
          "
        >
          🔐 Apply via LinkedIn
         </a>
       </div>
       </div>
 
    </div>
      <div style="margin-top:10px; opacity:0.9; font-size:12px; line-height:1.35;">
   </div>
        After approval, reading permissions are enabled on your Masticationpedia account.
      </div>
    </span>
 
   </span>
</div>
</div>




<!-- ===================================================== -->
<!-- BOOK INDEX — ALWAYS 3 COLUMNS (scroll if needed)      -->
<!-- ===================================================== -->
<html>
<style>
  /* Base: prevents surprises with box sizing */
  .mw-parser-output .book-index-columns,
  .mw-parser-output .book-index-columns *{
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }


  /* ================================ */
  /* 3 COLUMNS — FITS IN THE WINDOW  */
  /* ================================ */
  .mw-parser-output .book-index-columns{
    width: 100% !important;


</div>
    /* ✅ slightly tighter container */
</html>
    max-width: 1160px !important;
 
    margin: 30px auto 76px !important;
    padding: 0 14px !important;


    display: grid !important;


<br/>
    /* ✅ 3 columns that can “shrink” */
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)) !important;


    /* ✅ less gap between columns = more likely to fit */
    gap: 26px !important;


<span id="open-access"></span>
    align-items: start !important;
<span id="member"></span>
<span id="affiliate"></span>


<div class="book-index-columns">
    /* ✅ default: no scroll (so it “fits”) */
<div>
    overflow-x: visible !important;
<p style="font-size: 150%; color: black;">'''Normal Science'''</p>
  }


  /* ✅ if the window is really narrow, then scroll (but keep 3 columns) */
  @media (max-width: 1140px){
    .mw-parser-output .book-index-columns{
      overflow-x: auto !important;
      -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
      padding-bottom: 10px !important;


      /* here we impose a minimum width per column
        so they do NOT collapse and do NOT stack */
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(300px, 1fr)) !important;
    }
    .mw-parser-output .book-index-columns > .book-card{
      min-width: 300px !important;
    }
  }


  /* ============================ */
  /* CARD                        */
  /* ============================ */
  .mw-parser-output .book-card{
    background: #fbf8f1;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.07);
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   The logic of the probabilistic language
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   Fuzzy language logic
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  System logic
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  Logic of medical language: Introduction to quantum-like probability in the masticatory system
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   Hemimasticatory spasm
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  Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission
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   Bruxism
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  2° Clinical case: Pineal Cavernoma
</a>
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  Encrypted code: Hyperexcitability of the trigeminal system
</a>
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  Occlusion and Posture
</a>
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*<html>
<!-- ===================== -->
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<!-- COLUMN 1              -->
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<!-- ===================== -->
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<div class="book-card">
  3° Clinical case: Meningioma
<div class="book-card-title">Normal Science</div>
</a>
<hr class="book-card-sep" />
</html>


*<html>
<div class="bi-topic">
<a class="mp-chapter-link"  
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''[[Introduction]]'''</div>
  href="/wiki/Encrypted_code:_Bilateral_Motor_Evoked_Potentials_of_trigeminal_root"
  data-abstract="/wiki/Encrypted_code:_Bilateral_Motor_Evoked_Potentials_of_trigeminal_root_Abstract">
  Encrypted code: Bilateral Motor Evoked Potentials of trigeminal root
</a>
</html>
----


* [[Logic of medical language]]
** [[The logic of the classical language|The logic of classical language]]
** [[The logic of the probabilistic language|The logic of the probabilistic]]
** [[Fuzzy language logic]]
** [[System logic]]
* [[Complex Systems|The Complex Systems]]
* [[Logic of medical language: Introduction to quantum-like probability in the masticatory system]]
* [[Conclusions on the status quo in the logic of medical language regarding the masticatory system]]</div>


'''[[Orofacial Pain]]'''
<div class="bi-topic">
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''[[Hemimasticatory spasm]]'''</div>


*[[Clinical case: Temporomandibular disorders]]
* [[Clinical case: Hemimasticatory spasm|1° Clinical case: Emimasticatory spasm]]
*[[5° Clinical case: Spontaneous Electromyographic Activity]]
** [[Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission]]
</div>


'''[[Are we sure to know everything?]]'''
<div class="bi-topic">
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''[[Bruxism]]'''</div>


*[[Clinical case: Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy]]
* [[Clinical case: Pineal Cavernoma]]
*[[7° Clinical case: Brainstem neoplasm in Orofacial pain]]
** [[Codice criptato: Ipereccitabilità del sistema trigeminale]]
'''[[Conclusion of the ‘Normal Science’ section]]'''
</div>
</div>


<div>
<div class="bi-topic">
<p style="font-size: 150%; color: black;">'''Crisis of Paradigm'''</p>
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''[[Occlusion and Posture]]'''</div>


* [[3° Clinical case: Meningioma]]
** [[Encrypted code: Bilateral Motor Evoked Potentials of trigeminal root]]
</div>


<div class="bi-topic">
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''[[Orofacial Pain]]'''</div>


<div class="crisis-of-paradigm-for-all">
* [[4° Clinical case: Temporomandibular disorders]]
'''[[Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)]]'''
** [[5° Clinical case: Spontaneous Electromyographic Activity]]
</div>


* [[Jaw movements analysis. Part 1: Electrognathographic Replicator|Jaw movements analysis: Electrognathographic Replicator]]
<div class="bi-topic">
** [[Transverse Hinge Axis]]
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''[[Are we sure to know everything?]]'''</div>
** [[Vertical Hinge Axis]]
**The Magic of the Condylar Sphere


*'''Jaw movements analysis:Pantographic Replicator'''
* [[6° Clinical case: Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy]]
**Intercondylar Distance
** [[7° Clinical case: Brainstem neoplasm in Orofacial pain]]
**Advantage and Limit of Pantography
</div>


* '''Jaw movements analysis:Axiographic Replicator'''
<div class="bi-topic">
**Interfacial Distance
<div class="bi-topic-title">Section closing</div>
**Advantage and Limit of Axiography
*'''[[Conclusion of the ‘Normal Science’ section]]'''
</div>
</div>


*'''[[Electromyography|Electromyography (EMG)]]'''
<!-- ===================== -->
**EMG  Interferential pattern
<!-- COLUMN 2              -->
**EMG at rest position
<!-- ===================== -->
**Quantitative Analysis of EMG
<div class="book-card">
**Fourier transform
<div class="book-card-title">Paradigm Crisis</div>
**Wavelett
<hr class="book-card-sep" />


* '''[[Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation]]'''
<div class="bi-topic">
**Intraocclusal free way space
<div class="bi-topic-title">[[Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)]]</div>
***The mysterious "Muscle tone"
*[[Analisi dei movimenti mandibolari. Parte 1: Replicatore Elettrognatografico|Analysis of mandibular movements: Electrognathographic replicator]]
** Closing trajectory from TENS
**[[Asse Trasversale Cerniera|Transverse hinge axis]]
**[[Asse Cerniera Verticale]]
**The magic of the condylar sphere
</div>


'''Beyond the RDC'''
<div class="bi-topic">
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''Jaw movements a'''nalysis: Pantographic replicator</div>
*Intercondylar distance
*Advantages and limits of pantography
</div>


* [[Clinic Electromyography|Clinical Electromyography]]
<div class="bi-topic">
* [[Artificial Neural Networks: Automatic Neuromuscular Diagnostic]]
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''Jaw movements a'''nalysis: Axiographic replicator</div>
* Trigeminal Neurophysiopathology
*Interfacial distance
* [[Trigeminal Nociceptive Evaluation in TMD Patients by studying CO2-Laser Evoked Potentials and Masseter Laser Silent Periods]]
*Advantages and limits of axiography
* [[Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System:Modeling of Generated Fields and Data Interpretation]]
</div>
* [[Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Brain Plasticity in Post-Stroke Recovery]]
* Pain Pathophysiology
* [[Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Pain]]
* [[Neuronal Basis of Neuropathic Pain and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drugs]]
* Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in Pain Research
* Neuroradiology in Craniofacial Pain


'''Conclusions to the Paradigm crisis section'''
<div class="bi-topic">
<div class="bi-topic-title">[[Crisis:Electromyography|Electromyography (EMG)]]</div>
*EMG interference pattern
*Resting EMG
*Quantitative EMG analysis
*Fourier transform
*Wavelets
</div>
</div>
<div class="crisis-of-paradigm-for-members">
'''[[Member:Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)|Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)]]'''


* [[Member:Jaw movements analysis. Part 1: Electrognathographic Replicator|Jaw movements analysis: Electrognathographic Replicator]]
<div class="bi-topic">
** [[Member:Transverse Hinge Axis|Transverse Hinge Axis]]
<div class="bi-topic-title">'''[[Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation]]'''</div>
** Vertical Hinge Axis
*Intraocclusal free space
**The Magic of the Condylar Sphere
**The mysterious “muscle tone”
*TENS closing trajectories
</div>


*'''Jaw movements analysis:Pantographic Replicator'''
<div class="bi-topic">
**Intercondylar Distance
<div class="bi-topic-title">Beyond the RDC</div>
**Advantage and Limit of Pantography


* '''Jaw movements analysis:Axiographic Replicator'''
* [[Crisis:Elettromiografia Clinica|Clinical Electromyography]]
**Interfacial Distance
* [[Crisis:Reti Neurali Artificiali: Diagnostica Neuromuscolare Automatica|Artificial Neural Networks: Automatic Neuromuscular Diagnostic]]
**Advantage and Limit of Axiography


*'''[[Member:Electromyography|Electromyography (EMG)]]'''
*Trigeminal neurophysiopathology
**EMG  Interferential pattern
*[[Trigeminal Nociceptive Evaluation in TMD Patients by studying CO2-Laser Evoked Potentials and Masseter Laser Silent Periods]]
**EMG at rest position
*[[Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System:Modeling of Generated Fields and Data Interpretation]]
**Quantitative Analysis of EMG
*[[Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Brain Plasticity in Post-Stroke Recovery]]
**Fourier transform
*Pain pathophysiology
**Wavelett
*[[Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Pain]]
 
*[[Neuronal Basis of Neuropathic Pain and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drugs]]
* '''[[Member:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation|Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation]]'''
*Use of functional MRI (fMRI) in pain research
**Intraocclusal free way space
*Neuroradiology in craniofacial pain
***The mysterious "Muscle tone"
</div>
** Closing trajectory from TENS
 
'''Beyond the RDC'''
 
* [[Member:Clinic Electromyography|Clinic Electromyography]]
* [[Member:Artificial Neural Networks: Automatic Neuromuscular Diagnostic|Artificial Neural Networks: Automatic Neuromuscular Diagnostic]]
* Trigeminal Neurophysiopathology
* [[Member:Trigeminal Nociceptive Evaluation in TMD Patients by studying CO2-Laser Evoked Potentials and Masseter Laser Silent Periods|Trigeminal Nociceptive Evaluation in TMD Patients by studying CO2-Laser Evoked Potentials and Masseter Laser Silent Periods]]
* [[Member:Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System:Modeling of Generated Fields and Data Interpretation|Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System:Modeling of Generated Fields and Data Interpretation]]
* [[Member:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Brain Plasticity in Post-Stroke Recovery|Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Brain Plasticity in Post-Stroke Recovery]]
* Pain Pathophysiology
* [[Member:Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Pain|Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Pain]]
* [[Member:Neuronal Basis of Neuropathic Pain and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drugs|Neuronal Basis of Neuropathic Pain and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drugs]]
* Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in Pain Research
* Neuroradiology in Craniofacial Pain


'''Conclusions to the Paradigm crisis section'''
<div class="bi-topic">
<div class="bi-topic-title">Section closing</div>
*Conclusions of the paradigm crisis section
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>


<!-- ===================== -->
<!-- COLUMN 3              -->
<!-- ===================== -->
<div class="book-card">
<div class="book-card-title">Ψ Index</div>


<div>
<div class="bi-topic">
<p style="font-size: 150%;">'''Extraordinary science'''{{TooltipWide|2=This section is dedicated to identifying the fundamental neurophysiological, mathematical, and epistemological constraints required for the construction of a synthetic diagnostic index.}}</p><div></p>
  <div class="bi-topic-title">[[When Normal Science fails: a clinical anomaly that opens the problem|When Normal Science fails:<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''a clinical anomaly that opens the problem''</span>]]</div>
</div>


<div class="bi-topic">
  <div class="bi-topic-title">'''PART I – LIMITS OF DESCRIPTION'''




'''Diagnosis as classification (RDC):'''<span class="bi-subtitle"> describing is not inferring</span>


'''Levels of clinical observation:''' <span class="bi-subtitle">a change in the scale of information</span></div>
</div>


'''[[Introduction to the New Paradigm]]'''<p>
<div class="bi-topic">
<small>Authors: Gianni Frisadi</small></p>
  <div class="bi-topic-title">'''PART II – LIMITS OF CLASSICAL MEASUREMENT'''
'''Guiding Neurophysiological Questions for the Index Ψ'''
'''Crisis of the absolute value:'''<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''instability of the clinical number''</span>


* Question 1 — {{TooltipWide|2= <b>Variability and Noise in Trigeminal Reflexes</b></br> Is the observed variability of trigeminal reflex responses an intrinsic property of neurophysiological function, or does it primarily reflect noise and measurement artefacts?}}
'''Non-commutative variables in clinical practice:'''<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''the order of information matters''</span></div>
* Answer: Variability as a Functional Feature of Trigeminal Reflexes/p> <small>Authors: Kemal S. Türker</small></p>
</div>


<div class="bi-topic">
  <div class="bi-topic-title">'''PART III – FROM DATA TO STATE'''
'''System symmetry and stability''' :<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''relation as information''</span>


'''System states''' :<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''possible clinical configurations''</span></div>
</div>


<div class="bi-topic">
  <div class="bi-topic-title">'''PART IV – BEYOND THE NUMBER'''
'''The clinical state is not a number''':<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''the limit of the scalar''</span>


'''Clinical phase and encrypted signal''' :<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''non-evident information''</span>


----
'''Artificial intelligence as a phase operator: <span class="bi-subtitle"> ''NCN and semantic analysis''</span>'''</div>
</div>


<div class="bi-topic">
  <div class="bi-topic-title">'''PART V – LIMITS OF CLASSICAL PROBABILITY'''
'''The limit of classical Bayes''':<span class="bi-subtitle">  ''probability without state''</span>


'''Quantum-like statistics''':<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''informational interference''</span></div>
</div>


Functional Variability and the Limits of Structural Determinism in the Masticatory System<p>
<div class="bi-topic">
Contextual Probability, Interference and the Limits of Classical Diagnostic Reasoning<p>
  <div class="bi-topic-title">'''PART VI – THE NEW CRITERION'''
'''Module 2 – Quantum-like Framework for Biological and Clinical Systems'''{{TooltipWide|2=🧬 '''Quantum-like Framework for Biological and Clinical Systems'''<br/><br/>🔹 Secondo Khrennikov, i sistemi biologici e cognitivi non seguono la probabilità classica, ma generano '''pattern non-classici''' dovuti a:<br/>
'''From criterion to state index''' :<span class="bi-subtitle"> ''inferring instead of classifying''</span>  
• dipendenza dal contesto di osservazione,<br/>
• dipendenza sequenziale delle misure (order effects),<br/>
• interferenza informativa tra stati potenziali.<br/><br/>🧠 In questi sistemi, lo ''stato'' non è un valore singolo, ma una '''distribuzione contestuale''' che cambia quando cambia la domanda clinica o l’ordine delle osservazioni. 
Questa proprietà è perfettamente coerente con il comportamento del sistema trigeminale nei nostri casi clinici: ciò che osserviamo dipende dall’ordine con cui lo misuriamo.<br/><br/>⚛️ Khrennikov introduce il modello di '''probabilità quantum-like''' non come fisica quantistica, ma come matematica più adatta a descrivere:<br/>
• sistemi aperti e non-lineari,<br/>
• rumore biologico non-gaussiano,<br/>
• misure non-commutative,<br/>
• stati sovrapposti che collassano solo al momento della misurazione.<br/><br/>
📌 '''Perché è rilevante per il nostro progetto?'''<br/>
Il sistema trigeminale è un sistema aperto, influenzato da input periferici, corticali, emotivi e motori. La sua risposta clinica non può essere descritta solo da media, deviazioni standard o modelli deterministici — necessita di una struttura probabilistica contestuale, esattamente come proposto da Khrennikov.<br/><br/>🔧 '''Road map per la collaborazione con Khrennikov'''<br/>
Per costruire un linguaggio comune tra matematica e neurofisiologia, proponiamo tre obiettivi chiave:<br/>1️⃣ **Formalizzare i concetti clinici in termini di variabili non-commutative**(A prima di B ≠ B prima di A), per descrivere l’effetto dell’ordine diagnostico.<br/>2️⃣ **Definire uno spazio degli stati (Hilbert-like) per i sistemi neurofisiologici**dove le misure cliniche diventano proiezioni di un vettore di stato.<br/>3️⃣ **Proporre un modello di interferenza clinica**per spiegare perché due diagnosi apparentemente simili possono produrre esiti completamente diversi in base al contesto.<br/><br/> Tutti concetti che possono essere rappresentati in due o tre capitoli descrittivi, provvisoriamente elencati nell'indice sottostante.<br/>
💡 '''Finalizzazione del Modulo 2'''<br/>
Il contributo di Khrennikov non deve essere un esercizio astratto di matematica, ma la costruzione del ''lessico comune'' necessario per permettere a tutti noi (clinici e matematici) di descrivere gli stessi fenomeni con le stesse parole. 
Solo così la futura costruzione dell’'''Indice Ψ''' potrà poggiare su basi concettuali solide e condivise.}}


<small>Authors: Andrei Khrennikov</small>
'''Ψ Index: <span class="bi-subtitle">''magnitude and phase of the clinical state''</span>'''
</div>
</div>


* Introduction to Contextual Probability in Biological Systems
<div class="bi-topic">
* 'Non-commutative Measurements in Neurophysiology
  <div class="bi-topic-title">'''PART VI – TOWARD EXTRAORDINARY SCIENCE'''
* Toward a Clinical Hilbert Space
The ⟨Ψ⟩ Index as a diagnostic operator: <span class="bi-subtitle">''the role of the ⟨Ψ⟩ Index in complex systems''</span>


----
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''General architecture of the model''</span>
'''Module 3 – Trigeminal Electrophysiology and Reflexes''' {{Tooltip|2=La letteratura di Turker è uno dei riferimenti più solidi sulla fisiologia dei motoneuroni trigeminali e sul controllo dei riflessi orofacciali.<br/>Il suo contributo è essenziale per comprendere come latenza, ampiezza, soglia e modulazione corticale/fusimotoria definiscano lo stato funzionale del sistema masticatorio.<br/><br/>🧠 Secondo Turker, il sistema trigeminale presenta: integrazione multisorgente (propriocettiva, nocicettiva, periodontale, muscolare); modulazione centrale dinamica dei motoneuroni α e γ; riflessi altamente adattivi e non-lineari; plasticità funzionale anche in condizioni cliniche apparentemente normali.<br/><br/>⚡ Questo dimostra che la risposta muscolare non è un semplice output meccanico, ma un vero e proprio codice neurofisiologico dipendente dal contesto, dall’attenzione, dal carico emotivo e dalla storia funzionale del paziente.<br/><br/>📌 Perché Turker è cruciale per il nostro paradigma? Perché dimostra che variazioni minime nei circuiti trigeminali possono generare asimmetrie funzionali, instabilità motoria, cambiamenti del tono basale e alterazioni riflessogene non percepibili clinicamente.<br/><br/>👉 Questo crea il ponte tra neurofisiologia classica e modello quantum-like: le risposte muscolari non sono valori fissi, ma osservabili contestuali che cambiano in base all’ordine delle misurazioni (non-commutatività).<br/><br/>📌 Esempio clinico: una asimmetria nel Jaw Jerk porta verso una diagnosi occlusale → intervento meccanico. Se invece prima si esegue un test di Root-MEPs trigeminale e si rileva una asimmetria organica, l’interpretazione del Jaw Jerk cambia completamente e il percorso terapeutico si ribalta.<br/><br/>🎯 Roadmap proposta per il contributo di Turker: 1) Motoneuroni trigeminali come sistema non-lineare: comportamento adattivo, modulazione corticale/fusimotoria, instabilità come pattern diagnostico. 2) Riflessi orofacciali: latenza, soglia e ampiezza come osservabili diagnostiche: perché non sono parametri statici, dipendenza dal contesto della misura, implicazioni cliniche per stati funzionali multipli. 3) Codice neurofisiologico e ritardo dell’informazione clinica: differenza tra segnale neurofisiologico e sintomo, perché la clinica convenzionale vede troppo tardi, base neurofisiologica della futura definizione dell’Indice Ψ.}}
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''Separation between Structural Connectivity (SC) and Functional Connectivity (FC)''</span>
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''Electrophysiological data as clinical observables''</span>
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''Signal normalization and construction of relative value''</span>
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''Magnitude of the Ψ Index as a measure of system symmetry''</span>  
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''Introduction to the concept of phase of the Ψ state''</span>
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''Superposition of clinical states and role of the cosine of Ψ''</span>
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''Emergent behavior of the system''</span>  
* <span class="bi-subtitle">''Quantum-like inference and overcoming descriptive classification''</span></div>
</div>


 
</div>
 
----
'''Module 3 – Trigeminal Electrophysiology and Reflex Circuits'''<br/>
<small>Authors: Kemal S. Türker</small>
 
* Masseter reflexes and silent periods
* Cutaneous and nociceptive stimulation of trigeminal system
* Single motor unit vs surface EMG analysis
* Reliability and clinical meaning of trigeminal reflex measures
 
'''Module 4 – Structural Connectivity (SC) of the Trigeminal System'''<br/>
<small>Authors: Gianni Frisardi, Kemal S. Türker</small>
 
* Definition of Structural Connectivity in the masticatory system
* Trigeminal Root Motor Evoked Potentials (R-MEPs)
* Protocols, latency, amplitude and symmetry indices
* SC markers for complex rehabilitative planning
 
'''Module 5 – Functional Connectivity (FC) of the Trigeminal System'''<br/>
<small>Authors: Kemal S. Türker, Gianni Frisardi;</small>
 
* Definition of Functional Connectivity in the masticatory system
* Jaw jerk
* Masseter tendon silent period
* Masseter electrical silent period
* Recovery cycle of the masseter inhibitory reflex
* H-wave and related polysynaptic responses
* FC markers in health and pathology
 
'''Module 6 – From SC/FC to Emergent Behaviour in Mastication'''<br/>
<small>Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre</small>
 
* Separation and interaction between SC and FC
* Emergent patterns in complex masticatory tasks
* Network perspective on neuro-gnathological dysfunctions
* Conceptual bridge toward a synthetic index of system state
 
'''Module 7 – Index <math>\Psi</math>: Quantum-like Diagnostic Model'''<br/>
<small>Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Andrei Khrennikov; Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre</small>
 
* Model description
** Role of trigeminal motor evoked potentials (R-MEPs) in evaluating SC
** Role of trigeminal reflexes in evaluating FC
** Integration of SC and FC in a single state variable
** Emergent Behaviour encoded in the index <math>\Psi</math>
* Quantum modelling of the Index '''<math>\Psi</math>'''
** Quantum Bayes Theorem (QBayes)
** Interference term and differences from the classical approach
* Expectation value and mathematical formalism
** Operator form of the diagnostic model
** Cosine of <math>\psi</math> as a measure of overlap between concomitant pathologies


</div>
</div>
<div class="extraordinary-science-for-affiliates">
'''Module 1 – Introduction to the New Paradigm'''<br/>
<small>Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Andrei Khrennikov; Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre</small>
* Why a paradigm shift in masticatory science
* From “occlusion only” to neuro–gnathological systems
* Normal Science – Crisis – Extraordinary Science in the masticatory field
* [Errore Traduzione]
'''

Versione delle 19:11, 12 gen 2026


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       The Book Index as a working map

Masticationpedia’s Book Index is not the table of contents of a finished book nor the final structure of a manual. It is a continuously evolving editorial and scientific working map.

The sections and chapters listed here do not represent a didactic pathway, but the points where clinical practice reveals fractures, anomalies, and paradigm limits that must be addressed without simplification.

“The Ψ Index is a clinical criterion, but it is born within a paradigm crisis: it does not only measure data, it reorganizes their interpretation.”

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       Sections and chapters evolve together with the project’s clinical and methodological work.



Paradigm Crisis

Jaw movements analysis: Pantographic replicator
  • Intercondylar distance
  • Advantages and limits of pantography
Jaw movements analysis: Axiographic replicator
  • Interfacial distance
  • Advantages and limits of axiography
  • EMG interference pattern
  • Resting EMG
  • Quantitative EMG analysis
  • Fourier transform
  • Wavelets
  • Intraocclusal free space
    • The mysterious “muscle tone”
  • TENS closing trajectories
Section closing
  • Conclusions of the paradigm crisis section
Ψ Index
PART I – LIMITS OF DESCRIPTION


Diagnosis as classification (RDC): describing is not inferring

Levels of clinical observation: a change in the scale of information
PART II – LIMITS OF CLASSICAL MEASUREMENT

Crisis of the absolute value: instability of the clinical number

Non-commutative variables in clinical practice: the order of information matters
PART III – FROM DATA TO STATE

System symmetry and stability : relation as information

System states : possible clinical configurations
PART IV – BEYOND THE NUMBER

The clinical state is not a number: the limit of the scalar

Clinical phase and encrypted signal : non-evident information

Artificial intelligence as a phase operator: NCN and semantic analysis
PART V – LIMITS OF CLASSICAL PROBABILITY

The limit of classical Bayes: probability without state

Quantum-like statistics: informational interference
PART VI – THE NEW CRITERION

From criterion to state index : inferring instead of classifying

Ψ Index: magnitude and phase of the clinical state

PART VI – TOWARD EXTRAORDINARY SCIENCE

The ⟨Ψ⟩ Index as a diagnostic operator: the role of the ⟨Ψ⟩ Index in complex systems

  • General architecture of the model
  • Separation between Structural Connectivity (SC) and Functional Connectivity (FC)
  • Electrophysiological data as clinical observables
  • Signal normalization and construction of relative value
  • Magnitude of the Ψ Index as a measure of system symmetry
  • Introduction to the concept of phase of the Ψ state
  • Superposition of clinical states and role of the cosine of Ψ
  • Emergent behavior of the system
  • Quantum-like inference and overcoming descriptive classification