Masticationpedia

Book index

Versione del 7 dic 2025 alle 11:09 di Gianni (discussione | contributi)

Masticationpedia Journal

‘The progress of Science is essentially an anarchic process’
Paul Karl Feyerabend


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Normal Science

(Public Open Access This section is open to all users and represents the most inclusive part of the project, offering information and resources accessible to everyone.)

Introduction

Hemimasticatory spasm

Bruxism

Occlusion and Posture

Orofacial Pain

Are we sure to know everything?

Conclusion of the ‘Normal Science’ section

Crisis of Paradigm

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Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)

  • Jaw movements analysis:Pantographic Replicator
    • Intercondylar Distance
    • Advantage and Limit of Pantography
  • Jaw movements analysis:Axiographic Replicator
    • Interfacial Distance
    • Advantage and Limit of Axiography
  • Electromyography (EMG)
    • EMG  Interferential pattern
    • EMG at rest position
    • Quantitative Analysis of EMG
    • Fourier transform
    • Wavelett

Beyond the RDC

Conclusions to the Paradigm crisis section

Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)

  • Jaw movements analysis:Pantographic Replicator
    • Intercondylar Distance
    • Advantage and Limit of Pantography
  • Jaw movements analysis:Axiographic Replicator
    • Interfacial Distance
    • Advantage and Limit of Axiography
  • Electromyography (EMG)
    • EMG  Interferential pattern
    • EMG at rest position
    • Quantitative Analysis of EMG
    • Fourier transform
    • Wavelett

Beyond the RDC

Conclusions to the Paradigm crisis section

Extraordinary science

(in Progress)

Module 1 – Introduction to the New Paradigm 🔮 Foundation of the new diagnostic paradigm

🔹 Diagnosis in the masticatory system has historically been based on macroscopic observation. However, clinical cases show that macroscopic reality can be completely disconnected from the deep neurophysiological state of the trigeminal system.

🔀 A “malocclusion” may correspond to a neurologically symmetrical system;

👉 For deeper reading see: Introduction to quantum–like diagnostics ⚠️ a surgically obtained “normocclusion” may hide severe functional impairment.

🐱‍👤 Schrödinger’s paradox becomes a structural analogy: the patient can be simultaneously “healthy” and “sick” until a neurophysiological measurement is performed.

🧪 Measurement — dependent on observer, instrument, and context — modifies what is observed.
📉 The ambiguous logic of medical language and the limits of classical probability (P-value/Bayes) prevent an adequate description of complex phenomena.

🔥 For this reason, normal science enters a crisis: classical models can no longer explain the observed anomalies.

🔧 The new paradigm requires a non-classical diagnostic model:
• integration of multiple states
• epistemic uncertainty
• emergent dynamics

This lays the groundwork for the construction of the Index Ψ.

Authors: Gianni Frisardi

  • Why a paradigm shift in masticatory science
  • From “occlusion only” to neuro–gnathological systems
  • Normal Science – Crisis – Extraordinary Science in the masticatory field
  • Positioning of Masticationpedia within this paradigm

Module 2 – Quantum-like Framework for Biological and Clinical Systems
Authors: Andrei Khrennikov

  • Classical vs quantum(-like) probability in medicine
  • Open quantum systems and biological functions
  • Quantum instruments and self-measurement in biosystems
  • From cognitive models to trigeminal diagnostics

Module 3 – Trigeminal Electrophysiology and Reflex Circuits
Authors: Kemal S. Türker

  • Masseter reflexes and silent periods
  • Cutaneous and nociceptive stimulation of trigeminal system
  • Single motor unit vs surface EMG analysis
  • Reliability and clinical meaning of trigeminal reflex measures

Module 4 – Structural Connectivity (SC) of the Trigeminal System
Authors: Gianni Frisardi, Kemal S. Türker

  • Definition of Structural Connectivity in the masticatory system
  • Trigeminal Root Motor Evoked Potentials (R-MEPs)
  • Protocols, latency, amplitude and symmetry indices
  • SC markers for complex rehabilitative planning

Module 5 – Functional Connectivity (FC) of the Trigeminal System
Authors: Kemal S. Türker, Gianni Frisardi;

  • Definition of Functional Connectivity in the masticatory system
  • Jaw jerk
  • Masseter tendon silent period
  • Masseter electrical silent period
  • Recovery cycle of the masseter inhibitory reflex
  • H-wave and related polysynaptic responses
  • FC markers in health and pathology

Module 6 – From SC/FC to Emergent Behaviour in Mastication
Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre

  • Separation and interaction between SC and FC
  • Emergent patterns in complex masticatory tasks
  • Network perspective on neuro-gnathological dysfunctions
  • Conceptual bridge toward a synthetic index of system state

Module 7 – Index Ψ: Quantum-like Diagnostic Model
Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Andrei Khrennikov; Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre

  • Model description
    • Role of trigeminal motor evoked potentials (R-MEPs) in evaluating SC
    • Role of trigeminal reflexes in evaluating FC
    • Integration of SC and FC in a single state variable
    • Emergent Behaviour encoded in the index Ψ
  • Quantum modelling of the Index Ψ
    • Quantum Bayes Theorem (QBayes)
    • Interference term and differences from the classical approach
  • Expectation value and mathematical formalism
    • Operator form of the diagnostic model
    • Cosine of ψ as a measure of overlap between concomitant pathologies

Module 1 – Introduction to the New Paradigm
Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Andrei Khrennikov; Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre

  • Why a paradigm shift in masticatory science
  • From “occlusion only” to neuro–gnathological systems
  • Normal Science – Crisis – Extraordinary Science in the masticatory field
  • [Errore Traduzione]

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