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Masticationpedia Journal

‘The progress of Science is essentially an anarchic process’
Paul Karl Feyerabend

Member Communication Hub

Normal Science

(Public Open Access This section is open to all users and represents the most inclusive part of the project, offering information and resources accessible to everyone.)

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Introduction

• Logic of medical language
  • The logic of classical language
  • The logic of the probabilistic language
  • Fuzzy language logic
  • System logic
• The Complex Systems
• Logic of medical language: Introduction to quantum-like probability in the masticatory system
• Conclusions on the status quo in the logic of medical language regarding the masticatory system

Hemimasticatory spasm

• 1° Clinical case: Emimasticatory spasm
  • Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission

Bruxism

• 2° Clinical case: Pineal Cavernoma
  • Encrypted code: Hyperexcitability of the trigeminal system

Occlusion and Posture

• 3° Clinical case: Meningioma
  • Encrypted code: Bilateral Motor Evoked Potentials of trigeminal root

Orofacial Pain

• 4° Clinical case: Temporomandibular disorders
• 5° Clinical case: Spontaneous Electromyographic Activity

Are we sure to know everything?

• 6° Clinical case: Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy
• 7° Clinical case: Brainstem neoplasm in Orofacial pain

Conclusion of the ‘Normal Science’ section

Crisis of Paradigm

(Members only access This section is reserved exclusively for users who have received a personal invitation to register on Masticationpedia. This invitation is sent only to carefully selected colleagues, chosen for their professional value, scientific interest, and distinctive qualities. If you find the topics interesting and have not received an invitation, you can request one by submitting a request through the 'Member Account request form'. (a Google Account is needed to request the Member Account). Member Account request)

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Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)

• Jaw movements analysis: Electrognathographic Replicator
  • Transverse Hinge Axis
  • Vertical Hinge Axis
  • The Magic of the Condylar Sphere

• Jaw movements analysis:Pantographic Replicator
  • Intercondylar Distance
  • Advantage and Limit of Pantography

• Jaw movements analysis:Axiographic Replicator
  • Interfacial Distance
  • Advantage and Limit of Axiography

• Electromyography (EMG)
  • EMG  Interferential pattern
  • EMG at rest position
  • Quantitative Analysis of EMG
  • Fourier transform
  • Wavelett

• Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
  • Intraocclusal free way space
    • The mysterious "Muscle tone"
  • Closing trajectory from TENS

Beyond the RDC

• Clinical Electromyography
• Artificial Neural Networks: Automatic Neuromuscular Diagnostic
• Trigeminal Neurophysiopathology
• Trigeminal Nociceptive Evaluation in TMD Patients by studying CO2-Laser Evoked Potentials and Masseter Laser Silent Periods
• Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System:Modeling of Generated Fields and Data Interpretation
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Brain Plasticity in Post-Stroke Recovery
• Pain Pathophysiology
• Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Pain
• Neuronal Basis of Neuropathic Pain and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drugs
• Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in Pain Research
• Neuroradiology in Craniofacial Pain

Conclusions to the Paradigm crisis section

Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC)

• Jaw movements analysis: Electrognathographic Replicator
  • Transverse Hinge Axis
  • Vertical Hinge Axis
  • The Magic of the Condylar Sphere

• Jaw movements analysis:Pantographic Replicator
  • Intercondylar Distance
  • Advantage and Limit of Pantography

• Jaw movements analysis:Axiographic Replicator
  • Interfacial Distance
  • Advantage and Limit of Axiography

• Electromyography (EMG)
  • EMG  Interferential pattern
  • EMG at rest position
  • Quantitative Analysis of EMG
  • Fourier transform
  • Wavelett

• Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
  • Intraocclusal free way space
    • The mysterious "Muscle tone"
  • Closing trajectory from TENS

Beyond the RDC

• Clinic Electromyography
• Artificial Neural Networks: Automatic Neuromuscular Diagnostic
• Trigeminal Neurophysiopathology
• Trigeminal Nociceptive Evaluation in TMD Patients by studying CO2-Laser Evoked Potentials and Masseter Laser Silent Periods
• Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System:Modeling of Generated Fields and Data Interpretation
• Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Brain Plasticity in Post-Stroke Recovery
• Pain Pathophysiology
• Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Pain
• Neuronal Basis of Neuropathic Pain and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drugs
• Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in Pain Research
• Neuroradiology in Craniofacial Pain

Conclusions to the Paradigm crisis section

Extraordinary science

(in Progress)

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Module 1 – Introduction to the New Paradigm 🔮 Fondamento del nuovo paradigma diagnostico

🔹 Per decenni la diagnosi nel sistema masticatorio è stata ancorata quasi esclusivamente all’osservazione macroscopica, assumendo che la forma visibile (lo stato occlusale) riflettesse in modo diretto e affidabile la funzione profonda (lo stato neurofunzionale).

Tuttavia, i casi clinici presentati nella sezione Normal Science dimostrano l’opposto: la realtà macroscopica può essere completamente disaccoppiata dallo stato neurofisiologico del sistema trigeminale.

Una presunta “malocclusione” può rivelare un sistema neurologicamente simmetrico e funzionalmente stabile;

mentre una “normocclusione” ottenuta per via ortodontica e/o chirurgica può celare un danno funzionale severo, invisibile all’osservazione clinica convenzionale.

In questo scenario il paradosso di Schrödinger diventa un’analogia clinica concreta: il paziente può essere simultaneamente “sano” e “malato” finché non viene effettuata una misurazione mesoscopica neurofisiologica capace di far collassare lo stato del sistema, rivelandone la struttura e la funzione reali.

Una “normocclusione” apparentemente perfetta può comunque nascondere un deficit funzionale significativo.

Possiamo dunque parlare, a pieno titolo, di una 👉 sovrapposizione di fasi funzionali all’interno del sistema masticatorio.

‼️ Per un approfondimento vedi:
<nowiki>Introduction to quantum–like diagnostics
 🔹La misurazione stessa — dipendente dall’osservatore, dallo strumento e dal contesto — modifica ciò che viene osservato. Ciò rivela i limiti intrinseci del metodo classico e la logica ambigua del linguaggio medico e i limiti della probabilità frequentista (P-value) e bayesiana impediscono di descrivere compiutamente fenomeni complessi come i segnali criptati generati dal sistema nervoso e dinamici quali l'evoluzione temporale del processo patologico.

Nella diagnostica medica si è rigidamente coesi alla presenza di segno clinici e/o sintomatologia ma questi elementi fanno parte di linguaggio verbale e non formale. Cosa diversa sono i 👉 segnali criptati di tipo neurocognitivo ancora non convertiti in linguaggio naturale classico e comprensibile. Come esposto nella maggior parte dei casi clinici nella sezione 'Normal Sceince' un segnale criptato di bruxismo, tradizionalmente classificabile come fenomeno odontoiatrico, può essere decriptato soltanto se eseguita una misurazione mesoscopica elettrofisiologia trigeminale come il 'ciclo di recupero del Periodo silente Masseterino' (rcMIR). Questa decapitazione è in grado di evidenziare un danno strutturale neurologico malgrado il paziente sia stato trattato per 10 anni con trattamenti sintomatico con biteplane. ‼️ Per un approfondimento vedi:
<nowiki>[Step: Recovery cycle of the Inhibitory Masseter Reflex|2nd Step: Recovery cycle of the Inhibitory Masseter Reflex]

Authors: Gianni Frisardi

• Why a paradigm shift in masticatory science
• From “occlusion only” to neuro–gnathological systems
• Normal Science – Crisis – Extraordinary Science in the masticatory field
• Positioning of Masticationpedia within this paradigm

Module 2 – Quantum-like Framework for Biological and Clinical Systems
Authors: Andrei Khrennikov

• Classical vs quantum(-like) probability in medicine
• Open quantum systems and biological functions
• Quantum instruments and self-measurement in biosystems
• From cognitive models to trigeminal diagnostics

Module 3 – Trigeminal Electrophysiology and Reflex Circuits
Authors: Kemal S. Türker

• Masseter reflexes and silent periods
• Cutaneous and nociceptive stimulation of trigeminal system
• Single motor unit vs surface EMG analysis
• Reliability and clinical meaning of trigeminal reflex measures

Module 4 – Structural Connectivity (SC) of the Trigeminal System
Authors: Gianni Frisardi, Kemal S. Türker

• Definition of Structural Connectivity in the masticatory system
• Trigeminal Root Motor Evoked Potentials (R-MEPs)
• Protocols, latency, amplitude and symmetry indices
• SC markers for complex rehabilitative planning

Module 5 – Functional Connectivity (FC) of the Trigeminal System
Authors: Kemal S. Türker, Gianni Frisardi;

• Definition of Functional Connectivity in the masticatory system
• Jaw jerk
• Masseter tendon silent period
• Masseter electrical silent period
• Recovery cycle of the masseter inhibitory reflex
• H-wave and related polysynaptic responses
• FC markers in health and pathology

Module 6 – From SC/FC to Emergent Behaviour in Mastication
Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre

• Separation and interaction between SC and FC
• Emergent patterns in complex masticatory tasks
• Network perspective on neuro-gnathological dysfunctions
• Conceptual bridge toward a synthetic index of system state

Module 7 – Index $\mathrm{\Psi }$: Quantum-like Diagnostic Model
Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Andrei Khrennikov; Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre

• Model description
  • Role of trigeminal motor evoked potentials (R-MEPs) in evaluating SC
  • Role of trigeminal reflexes in evaluating FC
  • Integration of SC and FC in a single state variable
  • Emergent Behaviour encoded in the index $\mathrm{\Psi }$
• Quantum modelling of the Index $\mathrm{\Psi }$
  • Quantum Bayes Theorem (QBayes)
  • Interference term and differences from the classical approach
• Expectation value and mathematical formalism
  • Operator form of the diagnostic model
  • Cosine of $\psi$ as a measure of overlap between concomitant pathologies

Module 1 – Introduction to the New Paradigm
Authors: Gianni Frisardi (lead); Andrei Khrennikov; Kemal S. Türker; Ali Esquembre

• Why a paradigm shift in masticatory science
• From “occlusion only” to neuro–gnathological systems
• Normal Science – Crisis – Extraordinary Science in the masticatory field
• [Errore Traduzione]