Modifica di Hemimasticatory spasm (sezione)

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{{ArtBy|
| autore = Gianni Frisardi
| autore2 = Salvatore Perino
| autore3 = Flavio Frisardi
| autore4 = Giorgio Cruccu
| autore5 = 
| autore6 = 
| autore7 = 
}}
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'''Abstract:''' This chapter introduces the complex diagnostic pathway to identify the condition known as "Hemimasticatory Spasm" in the case of a patient referred to as "Mary Poppins." While diagnosing this neuromotor disorder may not be overly complex, differentiating it from other conditions such as Hemifacial Spasm or pathologies of the central and peripheral nervous systems is critical for guiding appropriate treatment.

The chapter begins by examining involuntary movement disorders induced by trauma to cranial or peripheral nerves, referencing studies that highlight the involvement of central nervous system pathologies. Special attention is given to conditions like vestibular and trigeminal schwannomas, as well as other rare cases such as tumors affecting facial and masticatory functions. Further complexity arises when considering multiple sclerosis and pleomorphic adenoma as potential sources of trigeminal reflex anomalies, all of which require careful differentiation.

Additionally, the discussion explores conditions like scleroderma, with particular emphasis on Morphea, which is identified in the patient. The possibility of Morphea-induced Hemimasticatory Spasm is discussed based on trigeminal nerve clinical and electrophysiological findings. The role of electrical excitatory activities, both normal and ephaptic, is considered a significant contributor to abnormal involuntary muscle movements.

The chapter concludes by introducing "ephaptic transmission" as the key to understanding the abnormal communication phenomena in Hemimasticatory Spasm. Ephaptic transmission, a complex form of electrical signaling between neurons, is explored as part of the diagnostic process, providing a foundation for understanding the electrical dynamics underlying the condition. This crucial concept will be examined in greater detail in a subsequent chapter focused on the two forms of electrical transmission between neurons.