Modifica di Hemimasticatory spasm (sezione)

====Morphea ====
Morphea is a form of scleroderma that involves isolated patches of hardened skin on the face, hands and feet, or anywhere else on the body, without involvement of internal organs. Morphea most often presents as macules or plaques a few centimeters in diameter, but can also present as bands or in guttate lesions or nodules.<ref>James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 171. <nowiki>ISBN 0-7216-2921-0</nowiki>.</ref> Morphea is a thickening and hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to excessive collagen deposition . Morphea encompasses specific conditions ranging from very small plaques involving only the skin to widespread disease causing functional and cosmetic deformities. Morphea is distinguished from systemic sclerosis by its presumed lack of involvement of internal organs.<ref>James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 171. <nowiki>ISBN 0-7216-2921-0</nowiki>.</ref>

Unfortunately the path is still difficult because the long series of variants does not exclude a form of Morphea-induced hemimasticatory spasm as well described by H J Kim et al.<ref>H J Kim, B S Jeon, K W Lee. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10768634/ Hemimasticatory spasm associated with localized scleroderma and facial hemiatrophy].Arch Neurol. 2000 Apr;57(4):576-80. doi: 10.1001/archneur.57.4.576.
</ref> in which it is asserted that on the basis of trigeminal clinical and electrophysiological findings such as the blink reflex, the jaw jerk and the masseteric silent period, focal demyelination of the motor branches of the trigeminal nerve due to deep tissue alterations is suggested as a cause of electrical activities abnormal excitatory movements resulting in involuntary chewing movement and spasm.<blockquote>The latter assertion indicates an involvement of normal and ephaptic excitatory electrical activities.</blockquote>