Modifica di Hemimasticatory spasm (sezione)

===Pleomorphic adenoma===
Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands characterized by neoplastic proliferation of epithelial (ductal) cells together with myoepithelial components, with malignant potential. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common tumor of the parotid gland. It derives its name from architectural pleomorphism (variable appearance) seen under an optical microscope. It is also known as a "mixed tumor, salivary gland type", which refers to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements in contrast to its pleomorphic appearance.

The diagnosis of salivary gland tumors uses both tissue sampling and radiographic studies. Tissue sampling procedures include fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (larger needle than FNA). Both of these procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis. Diagnostic imaging techniques for salivary gland tumors include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT allows direct bilateral visualization of the salivary gland tumor and provides information on overall size and tissue invasion. CT is excellent for demonstrating bony invasion. MRI provides superior delineation of soft tissues such as perineural invasion compared to CT alone as well described by Mehmet Koyuncu et al.<ref>Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14663442/ Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.
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[[File:Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma.png|thumb|'''Figure 5:''' Histological examination of a pleomorphic adenoma from [[wikipedia:Pleomorphic_adenoma|Wikipedia]] |alt=|center]]This last observation is very important because an invasion of the tumor of the nervous tissues in the infratemporal fossa cannot be excluded and precisely because of the complexity of the disease, we report a work by Rosalie A Machado et al.<ref>. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90.

doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.

Rosalie A Machado, Sami P Moubayed, Azita Khorsandi, Juan C Hernandez-Prera, Mark L Urken. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28246588/ Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma.] World J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.
</ref>, which can be explored in depth in the sub-chapter of Masticationpedia '[[Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma]]' in which the authors confirm that to date the development of facial spasms has not been reported in parotid neoplasms. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the facial nerve ipsilateral to the cerebellopontine angle (defined as primary or idiopathic) (62%), hereditary (2%), secondary to Bell's palsy or facial nerve injury (17 %) and imitators of hemifacial spasms (psychogenic, tics, dystonia, myoclonus, myokymia, myorrhythmia and hemimasticatory spasm) (17%).