Modifica di System logic abstract (sezione)

=== In literature===
We can take into consideration the data reported in the literature regarding the 'Indices' studied on patients suffering from 'Temporomandibular Disorders'<ref>Results in [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov PubMed] for "[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22temporomandibular+disorders+index%22&filter=datesearch.y_1 Temporomandibular disorders Index]"</ref> or enter more specifically about masticatory rehabilitations and verify the 'Clinical Indices' topic in orthodontic disciplines.<ref>Results in [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov PubMed] for "[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22orthodontics%20index%22&filter=simsearch2.ffrft&filter=datesearch.y_1 Orthodontics Indexes]"</ref> 

In a recent article by Andrea Scribante and collaborators,<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Sfondrini MF
 | autore2 = Zampetti P
 | autore3 = Luscher G
 | autore4 = Gandini P
 | autore5 = Gandía-Franco JL
 | autore6 = Scribante A
 | autore7 = 
 | titolo = Orthodontic Treatment and Healthcare Goals: Evaluation of Multibrackets Treatment Results Using PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating)
 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7711869/pdf/healthcare-08-00473.pdf
 | volume = 
 | opera = Healthcare (Basel)
 | anno = 2020
 | editore = MDPI
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.3390/healthcare8040473.
 | PMID = 33182796
 | PMCID = PMC7711869
 | oaf = yes<!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> for example, the following paragraphs are deduced: 

#The introduction states that the evaluation of the outcomes of orthodontic treatment has traditionally been carried out using the experience and subjective opinions of clinicians.<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Dyken RA
 | autore2 = Sadowsky PL
 | autore3 = Hurst D
 | titolo = Orthodontic outcomes assessment using the peer assessment rating index
 | url = https://meridian.allenpress.com/angle-orthodontist/article/71/3/164/57522/Orthodontic-Outcomes-Assessment-Using-the-Peer
 | volume = 
 | opera = Angle Orthod
 | anno = 2001
 | editore = The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1043/0003-3219(2001)071<0164:OOAUTP>2.0.CO;2
 | PMID = 11407767
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> ''In this first paragraph the limit of the concept expressed is understood and that is a diagnostic test and / or therapeutic guideline should never be scientifically weighed using subjective parameters.''
#However, since the 1990s, specific indices have been developed to objectively evaluate health outcomes by analyzing the quality of treatment.<ref name=":0">{{cita libro 
 | autore = Richmond S
 | autore2 = Shaw WC
 | autore3 = O’Brien KD
 | autore4 = Buchanan IB
 | autore5 = Jones R
 | autore6 = Stephens CD
 | autore7 = Roberts CT
 | autore8 = Andrews M
 | titolo = The development of the PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): reliability and validity
 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1582457/
 | volume = 
 | opera = Eur J Orthod
 | anno = 1992
 | editore = Oxford University Press
 | città = Oxford UK
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1093/ejo/14.2.125
 | PMID = 1582457
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> These indices compare pre- and post-treatment data to determine the outcome of orthodontic therapy<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Onyeaso CO
 | autore2 = BeGole EA
 | titolo = Associations between pretreatment age and treatment time with orthodontic treatment outcome: A comparison by means of two orthodontic indices
 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/8/4/473/pdf?version=1605228677
 | volume = 
 | opera = Hell Orthod. Rev
 | anno = 2008
 | editore = MDPI
 | città = Basel, Switzerland
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 
 | PMID = 
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = yes<!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }} - ''[https://grortho.gr/associations-between-pretreatment-age-and-treatment-time-with-orthodontic-treatment-outcome-a-comparison-by-means-of-two-orthodontic-indices/?lang=en see also]''</ref> and to improve the quality of future treatments.<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Hickman JH
 | titolo = Directional edgewise orthodontic approach. 5
 | url = 
 | volume = 
 | opera = J Clin Orthod
 | anno = 1975
 | editore = 
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 
 | PMID = 1054697
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> ''This second scientifically acceptable paragraph highlights the purpose of the 'Indices' and that is the pre- and post-comparison - but who says that the post is in a state of 'normocclusion' and the pre in 'malocclusion', the dental alignment?''
#The most commonly used index for evaluating orthodontic success is the Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR), which was developed to measure how far a patient deviates from normal occlusion and alignment.<ref name=":0" /> This index was used to evaluate the effects of therapy in different circumstances: the use of fixed and mobile devices,<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Firestone AR
 | autore2 = Häsler RU
 | autore3 = Ingervall B
 | titolo = Treatment results in dental school orthodontic patients in 1983 and 1993
 | url = https://meridian.allenpress.com/angle-orthodontist/article-pdf/69/1/19/1374417/0003-3219(1999)069_0019_tridso_2_3_co_2.pdf
 | volume = 
 | opera = Angle Orthod
 | anno = 1997
 | editore = The Edward H. Angle Society of Orthodontists, Inc.
 | città = Bern, Switzerland
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1043/0003-3219(1999)069<0019:TRIDSO>2.3.CO;2
 | PMID = 10022180
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> the comparison of orthodontic treatment between private practices and orthodontic schools,<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Cook DR
 | autore2 = Harris EF
 | autore3 = Vaden JL
 | titolo = Comparison of university and private-practice orthodontic treatment outcomes with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system
 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15953896/
 | volume = 
 | opera = Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
 | anno = 
 | editore = 
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.12.014
 | PMID = 15953896
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> the evaluation of occlusal stability after orthodontic treatment,<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Ramanathan C
 | titolo = PAR index in the evaluation of the stability of the orthodontic treatment results. A review
 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6389456_PAR_Index_in_the_Evaluation_of_the_Stability_of_the_Orthodontic_Treatment_Results_A_Review/fulltext/5adbdc64a6fdcc29358a3491/PAR-Index-in-the-Evaluation-of-the-Stability-of-the-Orthodontic-Treatment-Results-A-Review.pdf?origin=publication_detail
 | volume = 
 | opera = Acta Medica (Hradec Králové)
 | anno = 2006
 | editore = 
 | città = Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.14712/18059694.2017.133
 | PMID = 17438831
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> early treatments<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Pangrazio-Kulbersh V
 | autore2 = Kaczynski R
 | autore3 = Shunock M 
 | titolo = Early treatment outcome assessed by the Peer Assessment Rating index
 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10229887/
 | volume = 
 | opera = Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
 | anno = 1999
 | editore = 
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70277-5
 | PMID = 10229887
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> and results of orthognathic surgery.<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Templeton KM
 | autore2 = Powell R
 | autore3 = Moore MB
 | autore4 = Williams AC
 | autore5 = Sandy R
 | titolo = Are the Peer Assessment Rating Index and the Index of Treatment Complexity, Outcome, and Need suitable measures for orthognathic outcomes?
 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ann-Williams-4/publication/7133544_Are_the_Peer_Assessment_Rating_Index_and_the_Index_of_Treatment_Complexity_Outcome_and_Need_suitable_measures_for_orthognathic_outcomes/links/0046352fc8ff942845000000/Are-the-Peer-Assessment-Rating-Index-and-the-Index-of-Treatment-Complexity-Outcome-and-Need-suitable-measures-for-orthognathic-outcomes.pdf?origin=publication_detail
 | volume = 
 | opera = Eur J Orthod
 | anno = 2006
 | editore = Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontics Society
 | città = Oxford UK
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1093/ejo/cji120
 | PMID = 16648208
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> ''We have to consider that PAR would not indicate the healthy or the sick, normocclusion or malocclusion depending on whether it moves away from the cutoff but in the face of a series of incoming characteristics it would return a broad spectrum response (Index), valid for orthodontic treatments and orthognathic.'' ''This state of mind is legitimate but the clinicians have to be careful because the input variables (the 'Constructors') of the model or input, may not be related to the reference context or there may be other hidden variables that would invalidate the result itself. We will appreciate these assertions more strongly in the exposition of the chapters of Masticationpedia.''

The fact is that the primum movens of the studio of Andrea Scribante and collaborators is concentrated in the following point:

{{q2|The most commonly used index to assess orthodontic success is Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR), which was developed to measure how much a patient deviates from normal occlusion and alignment|Limitative .... the index can have an accuracy and truthfulness in dental alignment but not to validate a normocclusion, this latter assertion is much more complex to formulate and certainly cannot be reduced exclusively to an 'Occlusal observable'. }}  

Spyridon N. Papageorgiou<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Angst C
 | autore2 = Eliades T
 | autore3 = Papageorgiou SN
 | titolo = Stability of occlusal outcome during long-term retention: the time-dependent variation of the American Board of Orthodontics index
 | url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/194364/1/p01_ok.pdf
 | volume = 
 | opera = Eur J Orthod
 | anno = 2021
 | editore = Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich
 | città = Zurich, Switzerland
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1093/ejo/cjaa004
 | PMID = 32144422
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> in a very interesting study exposes a corageous statement that confirms what has just been exposed:
:Noticeable long-term occlusal changes are observed in the post-debond, which mostly favor better settlement. The higher quality finish at the debond significantly influenced the possibilities for improvement. However, setting a cutoff score to denote treatment excellence has shown considerable instability over time.

Other authors state that relapse after orthodontic treatment can also occur in cases with good functional occlusion.<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Lyotard N
 | autore2 = Hans M
 | autore3 = Nelson S
 | autore4 = Valiathan M
 | titolo = Short-term postorthodontic changes in the absence of retention
 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8929484/pdf/i0003-3219-80-6-1045.pdf
 | volume = 
 | opera = Angle Orthod
 | anno = 2010
 | editore = The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.2319/010210-7.1
 | PMID = 20677953
 | PMCID = PMC8929484
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref>